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Threats / Arm / CVE-2021-29256
CVE-2021-29256 · EUVD no mirror located · GCVE no mirror located Verified 2026-06-22

Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) vulnerability

Use-after-free vulnerability in Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows non-privileged users to escalate privileges to root or disclose sensitive information.

Verdict

Today item — known-exploited.

A use-after-free flaw in the Mali GPU driver enables local privilege escalation and information disclosure. The vulnerability has been observed in active exploitation, though no ransomware campaigns are attributed to it.

CISA KEV Yes · 2023-07-073EPSS 0.0302 (verify live)4
01

Is it exploitable?

— the evidence, ranked above the score
Reported exploitation
2 independent public reports of in-the-wild exploitation are cataloged.Distinct reporting sources (vendor, incident response, government); open them for the underlying claims.
Exploited in the wild
Listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-07-07).
CISA KEV ↗Confirmed
Probability (EPSS)
EPSS 0.0302 — modeled likelihood of exploitation activity.EPSS is a daily-changing model output — open the source for today's value.
Severity / affected
Affected: Arm, Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Confirm exact fixed builds in the vendor advisory.
NVD ↗Reported
Weakness (CWE)
Mapped to CWE-416 Use After Free — weakness family: Memory safety.CWE assignment from the public NVD record; the weakness class drives how the flaw is exploited.
NVD ↗Reported
WeaknessCWE-416 · Use After FreeMemory safety
02

Who’s exploiting it?

— attribution turns risk into urgency
Attribution not established

No confirmed (advisory-backed) threat-actor attribution is established for this record. Absence of a named actor is not absence of compromise — see Coverage & confidence.

03

Why it matters

— the attack path, told twice: adversary, then board
1

Front door — unauthenticated access narrative 1

Attacker
I gain code execution in the GPU driver context by triggering a use-after-free condition through crafted GPU operations.
Business
An attacker obtains kernel-level code execution on systems running vulnerable Mali GPU drivers.
2

Keys to the kingdom — privilege/identity takeover narrative 2

Attacker
I escalate from my unprivileged user context to root by exploiting the freed memory region to corrupt kernel state.
Business
Complete system compromise occurs as the attacker gains root access without requiring initial elevated privileges.
3

Lateral reach — past segmentation narrative 3

Attacker
I read sensitive kernel memory and process data by accessing the use-after-free buffer before it is reallocated.
Business
Confidential data including cryptographic keys, credentials, and user information becomes accessible to the attacker.
04

What to do

— defensible action
  • Remediate per the vendor advisory — confirm the fixed build for your version and verify exposure.1
Say it to the boardA vulnerability with this evidence profile is a defensible budget line, not a backlog ticket — fund the change against the proof above.
05

Coverage & confidence

— what we know, and what we don’t

Established (cited)

  • KEV listing (CISA)
  • EPSS probability (FIRST)
  • 2 reported-exploitation source(s)
  • CWE weakness mapping (NVD)
  • Catalogued by mitre (CNA)
  • Coverage gaps — stated, not hidden

  • No EUVD / GCVE mirror in feed — single-authority dependency for the identifier.
  • EPSS & exposure are time-varying; verify live at the source.
  • Threat-actor attribution not established from feed data — absence of a name is not absence of compromise.
  • No finder/reporter credit recorded in the public CVE entry — the work behind this find is unattributed.
  • Disclosure & credit2
    Catalogued by mitreCNA
    Credited with finding itNo finder named in the public CVE record — the work behind this find is unattributed.